Rev. FREINADEMETZ, Joseph (Saint) SVD
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(¸t)

* Birth in Oies, Southern Tyro (´£¬¥º¸): [15 April 1852]
* Ordination: [25 July 1875]
* Arrival in Hong Kong: [1879]
* Death in Shantung (¤sªF) Taikiachwang, China: [28 January 1908]

* Pet Tam Chung, Sai Kung: [1879]
* Shan Tung: [1881]

Blessed Joseph Freinademetz, S.V.D.
He Answered the Call

Sin-an

¡§THE Bishop of Brixen says No, but the Catholic Bishop says Yes. Take my son Freinademetz and make a first-class missionary of him.¡¨

With these words Bishop Gasser of Brixen set Joseph Freinademetz free from serving the Local Church for the service of the Universal Church, the Mission Church, the Church of China.

Joseph Freinademetz¡¦ decision to leave his family and his homeland to serve God in a faraway country was not a sudden inspiration, an extraordinary call like that of St. Paul. It was the result of careful consideration, consultation and prayer. It was an ordinary call that made use of human instruments and various circumstances to reach its aim and end. In the following are the different stages of his vocation from early childhood till the final call to the Mission Church in China.

1. The family Joseph Freinademetz, born in 1852, came from a deeply religious family in Abtei, below the ¡§Kreuzkofl¡¨, in the Tyrolian Mountains of Austria. He was the fourth child among eight brothers and sisters. His father worked on a small farm on the slope of a mountain. Hence his name Frei-na-de-metz, that is Halfway-up-the-mountain. His mother took care of the household. In the morning the whole family together prayed the morning prayer and in the evening the rosary before the family shrine. At the age of six, Ujoep, as he was called in the Ladin dialect, entered the village school. Since Ujoep was a good pupil and had a good character the parish priest and the teacher advised his parents to send the boy to the Gymnasium at Brixen. They agreed. However, since Ujoep did not know German, he stayed with friends of the family in Brixen and repeated the third and fourth year of the Elementary School. The family was ready for God¡¦s call.

2. The Seminary Joseph, as he was called now, entered the Gymnasium in 1864, where he stayed for eight years until 1872. He lived at the Cassianeum, a house for 40 boys who served in the choir at the Cathedral and studies at the same time at the Gymnasium. Important for Joseph¡¦s inner development was the religious atmosphere in Brixen. Besides the interest in the Local Church there was a great interest in the Mission Church, the missions in Africa. Father Mitterrutzner, one of his teachers, was a great friend and benefactor of the missions. He was also a friend of Mgr. Comboni who worked in Africa. Missionaries came to Brixen and reported about their mission activities. From 1853-69 about 32 priests and laymen went from Tyrol to the missions in Africa. Joseph was influenced by this mission spirit and prayed for a call to the missions. Once he heard in a sermon the word of the prophet Jeremias: ¡§The little ones have asked for bread, and there was no one to break it to them.¡¨ Lam. 4,¡@4. He thought of children in mission lands asking for the bread of life. Later on he heard the same words during Holy Week and remarked to one of his schoolmates: ¡§Did you hear the words of Jeremias? These children are the pagans. They ask for the bread of life. There are only a few missionaries - could I become one of them!¡¨

In 1872 he took the final examination. He graduated the first of his class. Out of twenty students ten went ¡§uebers Bruckle¡¨ and entered the Major Seminary. Joseph was one of them. The Seminary had 86 students for the priesthood. Nine excellent professors, well known all over the German-speaking countries, taught the different theological subjects. Bishop Gasser, a column of Vatican I, showed great interest in his seminarians. Joseph felt at home in the seminary. He was one of the best students and received a stipend. Since only a few seminarians were from the Ladin-speaking districts, Joseph also learned Italian, which was the language of that part of the diocese. Service of the local Church was still the main concern of his heart. For this reason he asked the bishop to be ordained at the end of the third year Theology. The Bishop agreed. The ordination took place on 25 July 1875, for the diocese of Brixen. However, his mission spirit was still alive. He entered the Third Order of St. Francis to dedicate himself to a life of total commitment: a life of service, zeal and love of the Cross.

3. The parish of St. Martin 1876-78. Since Joseph Freinademetz spoke the Ladin dialect the Bishop assigned him to St. Martin in Thurn, a place with 730 inhabitants, 1130m up in the Tyrolian Mountains. Here he served for two years as assistant parish priest and teacher of the village school. His roots grew deeper into the soil of the local Church. Was he still ready for the call? During January 1878 the newspaper of the diocese brought an article about the new Missionhouse in Steyl, Holland. The founder of the Mission-house, Father Arnold Janssen invited young priests and seminarians to join the Institute. Father Freinademetz heard the call, clearer and more urgent than ever before. He prayed fervently to know God¡¦s will. Paratum cor meum! My heart is ready! First he consulted the Bishop, who was willing to free him from his obligations to the diocese for the service in the missions of the Church. Then he wrote to Father Janssen. ¡§For many years I had in mind to join the missions. Now I ask Y.R. to be admitted to your Missionhouse.¡¨ He was admitted and thanked Father Janssen with a joyful heart. During July he was able to meet Father Janssen who returned from Rome to Steyl via Brixen. The first meeting took place at the Capuchin Monastery and was a disappointment. Father Freinademetz was from the south, young and idealistic. Father Janssen was from the north, friendly, but reserved. Together they went to see the Bishop. The Bishop spoke the now famous words: ¡§The Bishop of Brixen says No. The Catholic Bishop says Yes. Take my son Freinademetz and make a first-class missionary of him.¡¨¡KFather Freinademetz prepared his departure. It was not easy. On Sunday, 18 August 1878 he said Mass in his home parish. He and his parents felt the sacrifice, but the love of the Cross was stronger than mere human ties. God¡¦s will be done!

4. The Missionhouse From the Tyrolian Mountains to the lowlands at Steyl on the Maas in Holland. What a change! Yet, in his first letter home Father Freinademetz wrote: ¡§The Missionhouse is truly a house of God. I have never seen anything like it. The zeal, the diligence, the modesty of the students here is quite something new to me. I am well satisfied and thank the Lord for allowing me to come here. I am also beginning to study Chinese.¡¨ In Steyl the call to the missions had taken a definite shape. China was the land to which the Lord called him. Father Freinademetz answered the call wholeheartedly. After a short period he pronounced the vow of obedience to the Steyl community for five years. Father Janssen tried his best to make a good missionary of him. Bishop Raimondi of Hong Kong was ready to accept the two first missionaries from Steyl on a temporary basis until they found a mission territory on the Chinese mainland. Father Freinademetz and Father Anzer, his companion, received their mission crosses on 2 March 1879, the first Sunday of Lent. On the preceding evening about 50 students formed a torchlight procession and serenaded the two missionaries. The garden was illuminated by Chinese lanterns. With strong voices they sang the departure song: ¡§Go then brothers - God lead you to the sacred fray - may the heart of Jesus keep us united now and in eternity.¡¨ Next morning there was a Solemn High Mass. At noon, the Papal Internuncio, Archbishop Capri, blessed the mission crosses and handed them to the missionaries. ¡§Behold, dear brothers, your protector on the apostolic ways, behold your help in every danger, behold your consolation in life and death.¡¨ After the ceremony the Rector, Father Janssen, accompanied them to the railway station. The first two Divine Word Missionaries were on their way to Hong Kong, to China.

14 April 1978


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Blessed Joseph Freinademetz, Suitable S.V.D.
Patron for Hong Kong

The 75th anniversary of the death of blessed Joseph Freinademetz, S.V.D., a former Hongkong-missionary, falls on January 28.

Father Freinademetz, the Divine Word Missionaries¡¦ pioneer-missionary, made his apprenticeship here in Hong Kong, where he and his confrere, Father John B. Anzer, arrived on April 20, 1879. Father Anzer was directed by Bishop Raimondi to help in the seminary, at that time at Wellington Street. Father Freinademetz was assigned to Saikung as assistant-priest to Father Piazolli, who later became the successor of Bishop Raimondi.

The relative ease with which Father Freinademetz learnt the Hakka language helped him very much to become a travelling missionary in the Saikung Mission district, which at that time still belonged to Imperial China. He roamed for weeks and months on Lantao Island, but he worked chiefly in Yim Tin Tsai, where he built the first St. Joseph¡¦s Chapel. Yim Tin Tsai was at that time still a flourishing fishing village (and small island) and almost all of the people there became Catholics. It is now almost a ghost-village: the men are in the UK or are working in factories in Kowloon. The quite large chapel that we can see there now was built later. It is serviced only twice a month from Sacred Heart Church, Saikung. All the parish-records (of baptisms and so on) have long since been lost, some to pirates, some typhoons.

At the end of 1881, Fathers Freinademetz and Anzer left Hong Kong for North China, where they took over on January 18, 1882, the southern part of Shantung, which then had only 128 registered Catholics under the jursidiction of Mgr. Cosi, O.F.M., Vicar Apostolic of Shantung.

In 1885 South-Shantung became an independent Vicariate and Father Anzer was made bishop. Father Freinademetz became Pro-vicar and the first Provincial of the S.V.D. China Province.

He was outstanding as pioneer, the founder of many Catholic communities in a vast region which, 17 years after his death, was divided into five Mission-diocese: Yenchowfu, Tsingtao, Yangku, Tsaochowfu and Ichowfu.

The seed of Faith, sown with blood and tears, bore marvellous fruit. He began with only a small station and 158 Catholics, but when he died, not yet 56 years old, on January 28th, 1908, just a few days before Chinese New Year, South Shantung had 45,000 baptized Catholics and as many catechumens. Churches, chapels or prayers houses had been constructed in 1,100 places, and 70 priests and Brothers and 40 Sisters were labouring for the propagation of the Faith. They were aided by 972 men and women catechists. In spite of the two World Wars the results in succeeding decades were even more impressive, down to the day when the Communists overran the country, banished all foreign missionaries and put an end to mission work on the China mainland.

A substantial share of the credit for this missionary accomplishment must be accorded to Blessed Joseph Freinademetz. It may be enough to quote here Cardinal Tien, S.V.D., the first Chinese Cardinal, who had known Father Freinademetz when he was a boy and seminarian. In 1958 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of Father Freinademetz¡¦ death, he said in an interview in Austria: ¡§All the Catholics considered Father Freinademetz a living Saint. ¡¥He is like Confucius,¡¦ they used to say. ¡¥Everything about him is good and perfect¡K¡¦ He was always available to others and sacrificed himself selflessly for others to the utmost limit of self-forgetfulness¡K He was indeed a perfect man, a hom perfectus¡K¡¨

On Mission Sunday, 1975, Father Freinademetz was beatified, declared Blessed together with the founder of the Divine Word Missionaries, Father Arnold Janssen, who died a year later, January 15th, 1909, by Pope Paul VI.

Father Freinademetz is already a very popular ¡¥Saint¡¦ in his home-diocese, Bozen-Brixen, South Tyrol, now politically part of Italy, where in every family you can find a picture or book about the Blessed Joseph Freinademetz. He is popular in many parts of Austria and Germany and certainly he would be very popular in South-Shantung, if there were real ¡¥freedom of religion.¡¦

His ¡§Causa Canonizationis¡¨ was introduced in Rome by the Bishop of Bozen-Brixen and the bishops of Taiwan, Austria and Germany. And there is great optimism that Joseph Freinademetz in not too distant future may be declared a full-fledged Saint, a Saint who walked like you and me in Hong Kong and Saikung and Lantao¡K Hong Kong was for him the door to China. May it be always so!

His Feast-day as a Blessed is celebrated locally on the 29th of January, very much in his home-diocese, Bozen-Brixen, and in some other dioceses in Austria and in S.V.D. communities.

How many canonized or beatified ¡¥Saints¡¦ lived in Hong Kong?

Would it be not good to have Blessed Joseph Freinademetz also in the local calendar of the Hong Kong-diocese?

Blessed Joseph Freinademetz, pray for your beloved China and Hong Kong!
28 January 2003

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Divine Word Missionary to become 121st China Saint

A Divine Word Missionary who helped develop the church in eastern China almost from scratch is scheduled to be canonized this year.

With his canonization, Blessed Joseph Freinademetz, one of the two earliest Divine Word Missionaries to China, would become the 122 saint in China and the first who is not a martyr, according to Bishop Joseph Wang Yu-jung of Taichung, central Taiwan. Such a non-martyr saint is often called a confessor.

The existing 121 saints in China include the 120 martyrs canonized in 2000, and Joannes Gabriel Perboyre, canonized in 1996, Bishop Wang said on 9 January. In 2000, the bishop was head of the Taiwan bishops¡¦ Commission for Canonization of Saints and Martyrs of China.

Blessed Freinademetz (1852-1908) came from the Tyrolean Alps in central Europe and earned himself the title ¡§Mother of the Church in South Shandong¡¨ because of his nurturing apostolic work among the Chinese.

Bishop Zhao Fengchang of Yanggu and Linqing, Shandong Province, said on 8 January that Blessed Freinademetz, whose Chinese name is Fu Ruoshi and who is known as Blessed Joseph of Shandong, was a man ¡§well respected by the Chinese a century ago inside and outside the church for his missionary works¡¨.

Yanggu, 440 kilometres south of Beijing, was where Blessed Freinademetz¡¦s missionary zeal turned the church from a group of just 158 Catholics in the 1890s to a community of 106,000 Catholics and 44,000 catechumens by 1924, according to a report prepared by the Divine Word Society.

Father Paulino Suo Pao-lun, former head of the society¡¦s Chinese province, said that Blessed Freinademetz baptized his grandparents in 1890.

Yanggu is also the native diocese of the first Chinese cardinal, Thomas Tien Keng-hsin (Tian Gengxin), who was bishop of Yanggu from 1934-1939. Father Suo pointed out that ¡§Cardinal Tien was certainly influenced by Blessed Joseph, who was seminary rector when Tien was a seminarian.¡¨

Father Suo does not think Blessed Freinademetz¡¦s canonization may spark the kind of Beijing-Vatican row that erupted in 2000 because the blessed ¡§is not a martyr¡¨ and his canonization ¡§does not touch the nerve of Beijing¡¨.

Bishop Zhao, 69, agrees the Chinese government will not react negatively since Blessed Freinademetz was highly respected by the Chinese people. Still, he admits that today¡¦s young and new Catholics know little about the missionary, even if the diocese continues to commemorate him.

Pope John Paul recognized a miracle attributed of Blessed Freinademetz on 20 December at a ceremony in the Clementine Hall of the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican. That act of recognition opened the door to his canonization.

Pope Paul VI beatified him in 1975, togeth with Father Arnold Janssen (1837-1909), founder of the Divine Word Society. The two are scheduled to be canonized together in 2003.

Blessed Freinademetz was bron in 1852 and ordained a priest in 1875. He was sent in 1879 to Hong Kong, where he worked for two years before moving to Shandong. He and his confrere John Baptist Anzer became the earliest Divine Word missionaries in the China mainland.

In 1882, upon arriving in the extreme western part of Shandong province, they faced local resisitance because anyone having anything to do with ¡§foreign devils or their foreign sect¡¨ in those days was subject to severe punishment. In time, the missionaries set up a Divine Word province, a language centre for new missionaries and a laity formation centre in southern Shandong, ancestral home of Chinese sage Confucius and his disciple Mencius.

Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins, prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, told the pope while presenting the miracle attributed to the intercession of Blessed Freinademetz that the missionary had ¡§passionately loved the Chinese¡¨. The cardinal quoted the priest as writing, ¡§I love China and the Chinese, I wish to die among them and to be buried in their midst.¡¨

Blessed Freinademetz died in a Shandong village in 1909 at the age of 56, after contracting typhus while attending to plague victims.

He once wrote ¡§I want to be a Chinese in heaven¡¨ and asserted that Chinese moral values, especially filial piety, diligence and moderation. Deserve deep respect and appreciation.
9 February 2003

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Divine Word Missionary who will be canonised is known for his love of China

A Divine Word Missionary who will be canonised this autumn earned himself the title ¡§Mother of the Church is South Shandong¡¨ because of his nurturing apostolate work among the Chinese.

Blessed Joseph Freinademetz, known as Blessed Joseph of Shangdong, once wrote, ¡§I want to be a Chinese in heaven,¡¨ reported UCA News, the Asian church news agency.

Pope John Paul II will canonise Blessed Joseph and two others on 5 October in Rome. With his canonisation. Blessed Joseph, one of the two earliest Divine Word missionaries to China, will become the 122nd Chinese saint and the first who is not a martyr, said Bishop Joseph Wang Yu-jung of Taichung, Taiwan.

The existing 121 saints in China include the 120 martyrs canonised in 2000 and Joannes Gabriel Perboyre, canonised in 1996, said Bishop Wang, former head of the Taiwanese bishops¡¦ Commission for the Caonoisation of Saints and Martrys of China.

Bishop Zhao Fengchang of Yanggu and Linqing, China, said Blessed Joseph was ¡§well respected by the Chinese¡K inside and outside the church for his missionary works.¡¨

Yanggu was where Blessed Joseph¡¦s missionary zeal turned the church from a group of just 158 Catholics in the 1890s to a community of 106,000 Catholics and 44,000 catechuments by 1924, according to a report prepared by the Divine Word Society.

Father Paulino Suo Pao-lun, former head of the society¡¦s Chinese province, said Yanggu is also the diocese of the first Chinese cardinal, Thomas Tien Keng-hsin (Tian Gengxin), who was bishop of Yanggu from 1934 to 1939. Father Suo said ¡§Cardinal Tien was certainly influenced by Blessed Joseph, who was seminary rector when Tien was a seminarian.¡¨

In an article on Divine Word missions in China, Father Suo said that Blessed Joseph identified himself with Chinese culture to show his love of China. The missionary wrote to his parents in Europe, ¡§I wore a tip of beard, a small tip of beard just like the joker in playing card. I have my head bald, exactly (like) a Chinese, tied with a plait.¡¨

Blessed Joseph wrote elsewhere, ¡§Love is the only language everyone understands¡¨ and said that Chinese moral valises, especially filial piety, diligence and moderation, deserve deep respect and appreciation.

Joseph Freinademetz was born in 1852 in the village of Oics in the northern Italian Alps; he was the fourth of 16 children.

In 1875 he was ordained a Divine Word priest and in 1879 he was sent to Hong Kong, where he worked for two years before moving to Shandong province in eastern China. He and his confrere, Divine Word Father John Anzer, became the earliest Divine Word missionaries on the Chinese mainland.

In 1882, upon arriving in the extreme western part of Shandong province, they faced local resistance because anyone having anything to do with ¡§foreign devils or their foreign sect¡¨ in those days was subject to severe punishment.

In time, Blessed Joseph and other missionaries set up a Divine Word province, a language centre for new missionaries and a laity formation centre in southern Shandong.

When Blessed Joseph was rector, Chinese seminarians had to study Chinese literature to appreciate their own culture, Father Suo said.

Cardinal Jose Saraiva Martins, prefect of the Congregation for Saints¡¦ Causes, said the missionary ¡§passionately loved the Chinese.¡¨ The cardinal quoted the priest as writing, ¡§I love China and the Chinese. I wish to die among them and to be buried in their midst.¡¨

¡§It happened exactly as the wished,¡¨ Cardinal Martins said, referring to the fact that Blessed Joseph died in a Shandong village in 1909 at the age of 56, after contracting typhus while attending to plague victims.

Pope Paul VI beatified him in 1975 together with Blessed Arnold Janssen, founder of the Divine Word Society. The two and Blessed Daniele Comboni, and Italian, are scheduled to be canonised together.
31 August 2003

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One more Chinese in heaven

Would you like to be a missionary? Would you leave the comfort and safety of your beloved homeland, family, brothers and sisters, renounce having a family of your own or maybe a lucrative career or lifestyle - all for the sake of Christ and the Gospel? That is just what Father Joseph Freinademetz did when he left Europe in 1879 to start the first Society of the Divine Word (SVD) mission in China. It is in this sense that Father Walter Joyce SVD described Joseph Freinademetz in his book a ¡§Fool for Christ¡¨.

Joseph Freinademetz was born in South Tyrol, formally a part of Austria but now it is in Italy. He was ordained as a diocesan priest but felt the call to become a missionary strongly. To fulfill the will of God, he joined the new society called SVD founded by Father Arnold Janssen. Freinademetz was burning with zeal to travel to his beloved mission land - China. Together with J. B. Anzer, he was the first Divine Word Missionary to be sent on foreign mission. On his way to China he landed in Hong Kong where he had his first taste of Chinese language and culture while working at the parish of Sai Kung. After a year and a half in Hong Kong he proceeded to establish the fruitful China mission in South-Shantung. He never returned to his beloved homeland, for which he felt a deep affection.

A Life of Poverty
Sister L. Janek SSpS, of the Arnoldus Spirituality Centre in Steyl, Holland, wrote that Father Joseph Freinademetz lived the beatitudes to be poor and to hunger and thirsts for righteousness, and to suffer persecution. In China he accepted to live poorly not only out of necessity but by choice. He was content with the most primitive food, a miserable dwelling, a most inferior wagon. He asked nothing for himself. Whatever he possessed was shared with others and he gave to the poor anything he could spare. Even though he placed all his energy at the service of the mission, literally wearing himself out, he did not believe that he was doing anything special; rather, he feared he might be doing too little. Nor did he believe that his life of renunciation and his tireless work gave him any merit in the eyes of God; instead he considered that God gave him an undeserved gift. ¡§I do not regard being a missionary as a sacrifice offered to God but as the greatest grace that God has given me,¡¨ he once wrote.

Bishop Henninghaus, who worked for many years with Freinademetz, told of the time he was giving retreat conferences to his fellow missionaries. As he spoke he became aware time and again of the Saint, who was sitting in front of him in the first row, and the thought constantly came to him: ¡§Father Freinademetz puts everything into practice that I am speaking about; in fact I am only speaking about him.¡¨ Many saw Father Freinademetz in that way but he himself did not; again and again he asked others to pray for him, ¡§so that I might finally be converted.¡¨ That reflects what Jesus said: ¡§So you also, when you have done all that you were ordered to do, say, We are worthless salves; we have done only what we ought to have done!¡¨ (Lk 17:10). It was a natural attitude for Freinademetz and it made him happy.

This Saint left home, parents, brothers and sisters, renouncing marriage and children, in order to proclaim the gospel. He discovered that the Lord¡¦s promise of a hundredfold reward was fulfilled in this life: China became his home and the Chinese, whom he found so terribly foreign at first, became his brothers and sisters and he loved them as if they were his parents and children.

The Sufferings of a Missionary
It was very hard for Joseph Freinademetz to see that those whom he had won for the faith had to suffer so much enmity and persecution; they were excluded from their community, robbed, imprisoned and killed. Without a thought for his own well being or safety, Freinademetz fought tirelessly against the injustice being done to the Chinese Catholics. Again and again he went to high level government officials to defend the Christians.

When Joseph Freinademetz set out for China, he knew that he would have to reckon with persecution and even martyrdom. Constantly being branded as a ¡§European devil¡¨ may not sound so bad but it characterised the atmosphere. Freinademetz found it hard to cope with the insults but he did not let them intimidate him or stop him from working. Nor did he flee when his life was in danger. There were in fact several attempts on his life.

Where his flock was concerned, he even risked entering the lion¡¦s den. One episode in particular is well known. He had demanded that a mandarin free one of his catechists; later he was set upon in an inn by a horde of men, they robbed him of everything, and beat them almost to death. When the Boxer uprising broke out and the Chinese and Western authorities ordered all foreigners to go to the safer coastal towns, Freinademetz went back to the first mission station in Puoli so as not to leave the Chinese Christians in danger alone. Even martyrdom could not deter him, in fact, as he wrote, he would gladly have become a martyr, would gladly have given his life for the One who gave his life on the cross for him and for us all.

A Missionary Spirituality of Love
The life and the heart of Joseph Freinademetz were focused on his mission. The Holy Spirit had captured his heart so that he burnt with zeal for the mission. He wrote addressing his fellow missionaries: ¡§The Holy Spirit is love. Love and enthusiasm are essential for a missionary, nothing else matters. The apostolate is love, a work of love: the more the missionary is imbued with love, the more he is a missionary¡K Mission must be a matter of the heart. And only when the love of God has been poured out into our hearts does mission become a matter of the heart. The petition ¡§Holy be your Name - your Kingdom come¡¨ should keep our hearts aflame¡K O that I may call out to you every day and every hour: pray, suffer, sacrifice and die: all this and infinitely more, because such is the worth of souls, of heaven and of God.¡¨ On another occasion he said: ¡§The language of love is the only language everyone understands.¡¨

Not only did his fellow missionaries, the Chinese Catholics, but even his adversaries spoke with respect for the holiness, humility, and dedication of Joseph Freinademetz. Himself a man of intense prayer he once said: ¡§In order to pray you do not need more time. If you have time to breathe, then you have time to pray. Why? To breathe for the glory of God is to pray; a life lived well is prayer; work, sanctified by good intentions is prayer; eating, drinking, sleeping, wholesome enjoyment: all are forms of prayer. To pray means nothing else but raising one¡¦s mind to God.¡¨

Father Freinademetz never received any special praise nor any medal for his life and service, even declining positions of great honour such as becoming a bishop. He simply wanted to bring Christ to the Chinese and the Chinese to Heave. He loved the Chinese so much that he said: ¡§Even in heaven I want to be a Chinese.¡¨ He died in China on 28 January 1908. Indeed, in the person of Saint Joseph Freinademetz, we have one more Chinese saint in heaven.

Last Sunday on 5 October 2003, Father Joseph Freinademetz and Father Arnold Janssen together with Bishop Daniele Camboni was canonised by Pope John Paul II in Rome.
12 October 2003

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Freinademetz and Anzer:
Two Missionaries, Two Styles

Gianni Criveller, PIME
Translated by Betty Ann Maheu, MM

On 5 October, 2003, Pope John Paul II proclaimed Joseph Freinademetz (1852-1908), Divine Word missionary in China, a saint. Before founding the Divine Word Fathers¡¦ mission in Southern Shandong (1881), Father Freinademetz worked for two years in Hong Kong, under Bishop Raimondi from 1879 to 1881. In Hong Kong he studied the Chinese language and first experienced the missionary apostolate with the Fathers of the Pontifical Institute for Foreign Missions of Milan. Freinademetz collaborated with Father Piazzoli in Saikung and was also sent to Lantau.

Joseph Freinademetz was born in 1852 in Southern Tyrol in the small village of Oies in Upper Val Badia, where people speak the Ladin language. Besides Ladin, Freinademetz spoke German and Italian. In Freinademetz¡¦s time, Southern Tyrol belonged to the Austrian-Hungarian empire; therefore, he is justly considered an Austrian. His homeland is now part of Italy's national territory.

In 1875, he was ordained a priest for the Bressanone diocese and served in the Parish of San Martino in Badia. In 1879 he met Arnold Janssen, founder of the Society of the Divine Word, (the two were canonized together) and Freinademetz decided to enter the new missionary society. At Steyl in Holland, the first Divine Word Center, he met the young German priest John Baptist Anzer (1851-1903), and their destiny was linked forever, for good or for bad. The unusual missionary and human events that took place in the lives of these two missionaries seem to me to be a kind of parable of the China mission itself. I think their story merits telling.

The most painful part of the life and mission of Joseph Freinademetz was, without doubt, his very heartbreaking relationship with John Baptist Anzer, his religious superior and his bishop in the Shandong China mission. Very few scholars seem to be aware of this fact. Biographies, such as that of Jakob Reuter (1975), pass over this embarrassingly painful situation. Freinademetz and Anzer were among the first students of the Society of the Divine Word, and the first to be sent to the missions. They were friends and companions at Steyl, the Divine Word Center, and were deeply fond of each other.  ¡§Anzer¡¨, wrote Freinademetz from Steyl in 1879,  ¡§is a young, energetic and courageous priest. I am sure that he will be a wonderful life companion.¡¨ They left Steyl together. They said good-bye at a moving departure ceremony, the first in the new Divine Word Society. Together they made the long voyage to China, which also took them to Hong Kong, and together they arrived in Shandong Province, where they set up the first Divine Word mission.

Although the two friends always lived close to one another, they took very different paths. Anzer became superior and bishop while Freinademetz resolutely refused such appointments. Anzer's lack of self-discipline brought him to ruin. Furthermore, puffed up with national pride, he developed a superiority complex; he was arrogant and even violent in some of his dealings with the Chinese people. Bishop Anzer represents a tragic example, though isolated, of missionary imperialism. Freinademetz, on the other hand, for whom  ¡§love is the only language that all can understand,¡¨ esteemed the Chinese and their culture deeply. He adopted a missionary attitude of profound respect for and solidarity with the Chinese people, going so far as to declare that  ¡§in heaven I want to be Chinese.¡¨ In his will he had also asked to be buried in a Chinese cemetery, a wish that was not respected.

The story of the relationship between these two missionaries - friends and adversaries - illustrates the two missionary attitudes in China, and reads like an exciting mystery novel, that can here only be depicted along broad lines.

Anzer took on provocative and controversial initiatives that were not, in fact, shared by his missionary confreres, especially Freinademetz. Anzer himself said,  ¡§My one aim, and the end of all my struggles and tribulations, was to lift high the standard of Christ in Qufu, Confucius¡¦ birthplace.¡¨ Once this  ¡§place of superstitions¡¨ had fallen, Christianity, according to Anzer, would triumph everywhere. Anzer¡¦s missionary strategy was based totally on confrontation and a triumphal attitude, which from the very beginning provoked a reaction from the Chinese. It resulted in anti-Christian riots and persecutions. On November 3, 1897, two Divine Word missionaries were killed. Anzer, who was in Berlin at the time, according to popular opinion, contributed to Kaiser Wilhelm II¡¦s decision to occupy Jiaozhou militarily. The purpose was to increase German influence throughout the whole of Shandong. This episode, along with other factors and events, fuelled the crisis which led to the Boxer Rebellion of 1900. As indemnity for the killings, Freinademetz sought instead only a small monetary settlement needed for the construction of a small chapel, and the transfer of those in authority who had covered up the homicides. Freinademetz did not want the Chinese authorities to lose face, but he wanted them to take responsibility for the protection of Christians and missionaries.

Freinademetz looked upon the bishop¡¦s decisions and his pastoral style with increasing alarm, and soon found himself in a terrible dilemma. On the one hand, he realized that the Divine Word mission was on the road to ruin because of his bishop and superior. Moreover, his confreres, who did not have the courage to confront the irascible bishop, begged Freinademetz, who was Anzer¡¦s pro-vicar ad-ministrator and number two in the mission, to admonish the bishop. On the other hand, Freinademetz was tied to Anzer by fraternal bonds, and had profound respect for his superior, to whom he also owed religious obedience.

The Clash
Freinademetz spoke and wrote to the bishop frankly, and did so on various occasions. Anzer refused to accept Freinademetz¡¦s admonitions, and threatened him with canonical sanctions. Their relationship became impossible. In his long, touching and tragic letter of February 26, 1894, Freinademetz seemed to write with his heart in his hands. We read the following:

The real reason for the lamentable situation of our mission is the lack of proper relations between the bishop on the one hand and the whole of the mission on the other. ¡K The missionaries stay as far away as they can from the bishop¡¦s house. ¡K What Your Excellency says is a mixture of lies, distortions, contradictions, and defamations. No one can any longer believe what Your Excellency says. The Bishop¡¦s way of often using extremely offensive language in dealing with persons in public has shut the mouths of the missionaries. ¡K Because you drink too much, you are no longer able to control your tongue or your legs, ¡K and everyone is laughing at you. It is extremely painful for me to mention these things and I weep as I write. Curse the wine that transforms into a stupor even the wisest of men. ¡K Your pastoral visits do not meet your purpose. Your Excellency is only interested in big numbers, and not in the quality of converts. ¡K Individual missionaries do not tell you these things. They tell you only what you want to hear. I want to say to you: enough of these pompous spectacles!

Excellency, I have written here what I have held hidden within my heart for many years. With only two exceptions, I have remained silent for 15 years, committing, in fact, a serious wrong to our mission in Southern Shandong and saddening my own conscience with the weight of a grave responsibility. But I can no longer remain silent. The consequences of this situation are too grave and my confreres beg me to intervene; it is my duty to do so. It is a matter of life and death for our mission. Some years back I wrote a letter to our superior general, but then, through my grievous fault, I tore up the letter before sending it. Many confreres urged me to do my duty, and my conscience also made itself heard, but I always silenced it, citing specious pretexts that were nothing but egoism. If there is something offensive in the words I have chosen or in my explanation, this is not my intention, and on my knees I beg your forgiveness. Not speaking about this with you directly, up to now, I have not had the courage to be the friend (forgive me the word): true, sincere and open with Your Excellency, which I ought to have been. If Your Excellency so permits, I would want to be your true friend from now on.

Anzer¡¦s reaction was not, in fact, positive. He forbade Freinademetz, under obedience, to speak any more about him. He dismissed all the catechists working for Freinademetz. As a punishment, Freinademetz was sent to the eastern, most remote part of the Vicariat. Moreover, when in the fall of 1894, Anzer took leave to go to Europe, Freinademetz was not nominated as interim head of the mission, as custom would have dictated.

The situation went from bad to worse. The young Divine Word missionaries in Shandong were on the point of refusing to make their final profession at the hands of Anzer, their superior. The missionaries saw in Freinademetz the salvation of the mission, and continued to beg for his intervention. Freinademetz must have found himself at life¡¦s crossroads to request his superior general for a dispensation from the obligation of religious obedience, something that he temporarily obtained. A group of missionaries, Freinademetz among them, wrote a letter to the superior general, to explain the tension-filled state of the mission. Janssen, superior and founder of the Divine Word Society, had profound respect for and faith in Freinademetz. He petitioned the Holy See to have Anzer relieved of his administration.

In a scathing letter of 28 September 1894, Anzer accused Freinademetz of various offenses: being his mortal enemy, secretly plotting against him and seeking his downfall. He accused him of boasting about his missionary achievements, and suspended him from participating in the provincial chapter that he [the bishop] had convoked. He ended the letter by saying, ¡§I am leaving for Europe. I do not know if I will see you again. But my memories of you will always be bittersweet.¡¨

Freinademetz answered him immediately on 6 October 1894. He refuted the accusations, and proclaimed his innocence. He affirmed that at this point he desired nothing more than to remain in the remote corner of Shandong to which the bishop had relegated him, and to be dispensed of all the rest. He concluded with these words:

I beg you a thousand times to forgive all the problems that consciously or unconsciously I have caused you. May the good God have mercy on me a poor sinner, for having rendered the already heavy cross of my superior even heavier. With total reverence, your unworthy servant begs your apostolic and pastoral benediction. Joseph Freinademetz.

Momentary Reconciliation
During the following year (1895) Anzer tried to correct his excesses. On his knees he begged Freinademetz¡¦s pardon, and the two began to collaborate once again, so much so that Freinademetz was named interim superior during Anzer¡¦s frequent absences. Under pressure from Anzer, Freinademetz even wrote a letter to Rome - where in the meantime reports of Anzer¡¦s unworthy behavior had arrived - asserting that the bishop was making heroic efforts to correct himself. Freinademetz¡¦s letter in Anzer¡¦s defense momentarily disappointed Janssen, the Superior General, because he feared that Anzer¡¦s  ¡§conversion¡¨ would be short lived.

Anzer Called to Rome
In fact, the bishop, taking a turn for the worse, soon lapsed back into his old vices. Freinademetz continued faithfully to admonish his bishop who seemed to be beyond recovery. In 1901, the Prefect of Propaganda Fide, Cardinal Ledochowski, badly advised and irritated by Janssen¡¦s request [to have Anzer removed], considered this as interference in the prerogatives of Propaganda. Incredibly, he exonerated Anzer. Moreover, Ledochowski maintained that Anzer, as bishop, answered only to Propaganda, and no longer to his Society. Therefore, he should be left in peace. The confusion in the Society of the Divine Word and in the mission was great. There no longer was any way to stop the bishop. Freinademetz wrote:

I never would have thought that anything like this was possible, and that even at the highest ecclesiastical levels these questions of life and death could be treated so superficially. We almost feel obligated to scream: the world is governed with so little intelligence! ¡K We are completely at peace with our conscience with whatever Rome has decided! But we are very saddened by such a lack of good sense.

In 1902, Cardinal Gotti, Ledochowski¡¦s successor, was compelled to reopen the case. This time Anzer could not manipulate powerful friends to come to his defense. He asked Freinademetz to go to Rome with him to defend him. Freinademetz refused. However, Anzer acknowledged that Freinademetz was faithful in always telling him the truth.

Once in Rome, Anzer had to confront the following accusations: 1) Alcoholism to the point of losing the use of his reason; 2) Grave scandal regarding the sixth commandment; 3) Construction of three large and costly personal residences, and the construction of other costly buildings for the mission, which were registered in his name; 4) His rare pastoral visits undertaken only to receive honors and to enjoy feasts; 5) Losing control of himself to the point of physically abusing missionaries, Christians and servants, so much so that no one wanted to work under him; 6) Only high-level politics and prestige interested him; 7) He took away the faculty of confession from missionaries without good reason, and gave contradictory orders, such as naming two persons for the same office; 8) Claimed the prerogative of administering baptism to new Christians, and wanting the number to be as high as possible, by including persons who were ill prepared, or unknown to anyone. He also had the names of non-existent persons added to the baptismal registry; 9) The missionaries in the mission regretted being tied to him by vows of obedience, and some wanted to leave the mission. These accusations were based substantially on reports that Freinademetz wrote under oath. In 1900 he had been elected superior of the Divine Word missionaries in Shandong Province. Other missionaries, as well as two Propaganda inspectors and the Superior General, Janssen, confirmed these reports. Poor Anzer had no way to defend himself. He died suddenly from a heart attack shortly after he arrived in Rome, on November 25, 1903.

Freinademetz, who was already provincial superior, was the natural candidate to succeed Anzer as bishop. The Superior General and his confreres proposed him for the post. But the German Chancery vetoed the proposal saying that Freinademetz was Austrian and not German, and was considered Anzer¡¦s adversary. Anzer enjoyed Kaiser Wilhelm¡¦s friendship. The compromise choice was the worthy Father Augustine Henninghaus, who succeeded Anzer as Vicar Apostolic, while Freinademetz remained as the religious superior of the Divine Word Missionaries.

Imperialism and Humility
There is certainly a tragic human and affective dimension to Freinademetz and Anzer¡¦s story. They were both friends and adversaries. The human figure of Anzer arouses more sadness and pain than scandal. Freinademetz, who died on January 28, 1908, had the misfortune to see his friend, superior and bishop sink deeper and deeper into the abyss, without being able to save him. Furthermore, he had to spend much time dealing with the fallout and the scandals provoked by his superior. Freinademetz¡¦s zeal and missionary genius that everyone, including Anzer, recognized, was not able to express itself however in all its potential. Freinademetz did not die a martyr. However, I dare say that it is highly probable that the antics of his unfortunate missionary companion must have caused him great personal, constant and most painful anguish. Perhaps it can be called a special kind of martyrdom.

In my readings and studies on the Catholic mission in China, Anzer is perhaps the only missionary figure that I find to be quite reprehensible. He had a political and nationalistic agenda aside from the interests of the mission. His religious and political attitude was imperialistic. We must say, however, that Anzer was not without some merit, especially at the beginning of his missionary career. His misfortunes were deeply affected by alcoholism, which seems to be a medically pathological, as well as a moral, weakness.

Anzer¡¦s imperialism and abuses were an exception, the only one that I know about with certainty. His actions do not represent the general attitude of Catholic missionaries. On the contrary, his confreres, his Superior General, and also Rome (who intervened too late) were against many of Anzer¡¦s political and pastoral choices. Missionaries and Christians were both victims of his policies.

Freinademetz represents the other face of mission: respect, solidarity, sobriety, inculturation, absence of political agendas and nationalistic interests. By their own admission, Freinademetz was superior to all the other Divine Word Fathers in his knowledge of the Chinese language and culture, in his talents and missionary zeal, and by the sanctity of his life. The words of Bishop Henninghaus are perhaps the most meaningful and exceptional.

Freinademetz never received any praise from the Chinese, no decorations, no imperial commendation, no honors such as those that the Chinese government of the time was so generous in bestowing. Not even an inscription, such as other missionaries had received, was made for him. This is, for those that know the circumstances of his life, all the more extraordinary. Father Freinademetz knew how to stay far away from every external tribute. He never wanted to leave the ranks of the milites gregarii [humble servants] to join the ranks of ¡¥political soldiers,¡¦ but only to do his duty with modesty and faithfulness.
Tripod
 
VOl. XXIII-No. 131 (Winter 2003)

¡@

Blessed and saints in Hong Kong

The third saint is St. Joseph Freinademetz (1852 to 1908), a member of the Society of the Divine Word (SVD), native of Badia, a village in Tyrol, a region then belonging to the Austro-Hungarian Empire but now a part of Italy.

He arrived in Hong Kong on 20 April 1879, together with a confrere, Father John Baptist Anzer, the first two members of the SVD to be sent to China. He underwent his initial missionary training and started to learn the Chinese language from August 1879 to April 1881, mainly in Sai Kung, then in Baoan district (now the New Territories).

He found the adaptation process rather challenging with both the language and food. However, he encouraged a friend who was meeting with similar difficulties saying: ¡§Do not be afraid. Poverty is surely the shortest way to Paradise. I have here also not much. I am living in the midst of pagans. But, I cannot thank our Lord enough for having called me to be a missionary in China. I have to make many sacrifices, that is clear. I know, however, that sacrifices are the greatest treasures which the Lord gives us. Sometimes when I think I have left father and mother behind forever, it weighs on my shoulders like a mighty boulder...¡¨

Loneliness too was a cause for pain since Father Luigi Piazzoli, the missionary in charge, had to go around for his apostolic tours of the villages. Father Freinademetz derived some consolation in celebrating Mass and administering the sacraments, which were then performed in Latin, both in Sai Kung and in other surrounding villages.

The baptism registers record five baptisms administered by him in different villages. Every two months he sailed to Hong Kong to meet his confrere, or to get some medicine and a cure for his fevers.

Later, Bishop Raimondi invited him to pay a week-long visit to the island of Lantau to explore the possibility for its evangelisation. Then, he returned to Sai Kung. In early April 1881, the bishop received the news that South Shandong had been entrusted to the SVD.

Father Freinademetz had to go there. He said goodbye to the Catholic community and to Father Piazzoli, and sailed back to Hong Kong where, on May 23, he boarded a ship for Shanghai and for his new mission in Shandong.

There, Father Freinademetz utilised all his energies as a pioneer missionary in evangelisation, pastoral ministry and teaching until his death on 28 January 1908, in Daijiazhuang.

He was declared a blessed on 19 October 1975 and a saint on 5 October 2003.
21 January 2018



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1952 ¦~ 3 ¤ë 16, 23 ¤é 

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¤@ ¤E ¤» ¤G ¦~ ¤T ¤ë ¤Q ¤E ¤é ¡A ¬G ±Ð ©v ­Y ±æ ¤G ¤Q ¤T ¥@ ¦b ¸t §B ¦h ¸S ¤j °ó ¥D «ù ¤½ ¶} ¼Ï ±K ·| ij ¬° ¤Q ¦ì ·s ¼Ï ¾÷ ¥D ±Ð ¥[ À¹ ¬õ ´U ®É ¡A ¯S §O ¦b ¤j ·| ±µ ¨ü ¨â ¦ì ¯« ¤÷ ¦C ¯u ºÖ «~ ªº ¥Ó ½Ð ¡A ¨ä ¤¤ ªº ¤@ ¦ì ´N ¬O ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¯« ¤÷ ¡C

¤@ ¤E ¤» ¤G ¦~ ¤T ¤ë ¤Q ¤E ¤é ³¯ ½Ð ±Ð §Ê ¦C ¨â ¦ì ¯« ¤÷ ¬° ¯u ºÖ «~ ¶È ¬O ¤@ ºØ »ö ¦¡ ¡A ¥¿ ¦¡ ¦¨ ¬° ij ®× ¦Ó ¤w ¡C ¤@ ¯ë ¤H ¬Û «H ³o ¨â ¦ì ¦b ¶Ç ±Ð ¨Æ ·~ ¥\ ¼w ªº ¯« ¤÷ ¦C ¬° ¯u ºÖ «~ ¶È ¬O ®É ¶¡ °Ý ÃD ¡C
1965 ¦~ 4 ¤ë 23 ¤é 

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¯u ºÖ ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¯« ¤÷ »P ¦P ¦æ ±Ð ¤h ¦w ¦è ¨È ¯« ¤÷ (Fr. J.B. Anzer) ¨ì ¹F ­» ´ä ¡u¥D ±Ð ©²¡v ®É ¡A ·í ®É °ª ¥D ±Ð (Bishop Raimondi) ¥X ¥~ ¤F ¡A ¦Ó ¬O ¥Ñ ¥t ¤@ ¦ì ¤Í ¤H ÃÙ ¦Ú ¯« ¤÷ (Fr. Janssen) ±µ ¨£ ¡C

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ºÖ ¯« ¤÷ «Ü ·P ¿E °ª ¥D ±Ð ¤Î ©v ®y ¥~ ¤è ¶Ç ±Ð ·| ¹ï ¥L ªº ¦n «È ¡A ¨Ã ±a »â ¥L ¨« ¤W ¤F ³o ¶Ç ±Ð ¥Í ©R ¡C ¥L ¶} ©l ¾Ç ²ß ©M »{ ÃÑ ¨ì ·R §O ¤H ¡A ¤Î ¾A À³ ²§ ¦a ªº ¥Í ¬¡ ¤è ¦¡ ©M ²ß ºD ¡A ¥L §Æ ±æ ¯à ¹³ ®æ ªL ¦h «e ®Ñ ²Ä ¤E ³¹ ¤Q ¤E ¸` ©Ò »¡ ¡G ¡u§Ú ­ì ¬O ¦Û ¥Ñ ªº ¡A ¤£ ÄÝ ©ó ¥ô ¦ó ¤H ¡A ¦ý §Ú «o ¨Ï ¦Û ¤v ¦¨ ¤F ²³ ¤H ªº ¥£ ¹² ¡A ¬° Ĺ ±o §ó ¦h ªº ¤H ¡C¡v

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1979 ¦~ 7 ¤ë 13 ¤é 

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¾Ú ¥x ÆW ¥x ¤¤ ±Ð °Ï ¤ý ·U ºa ¥D ±Ð «ü ¥X ¡A ¸t ¨¥ ·| ³Ì ¦­ ¨ì ¤¤ °ê ªº ¨â ¦ì ¶Ç ±Ð ¤h ¤§ ¤@ ¯u ºÖ ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¯« ¤÷ (Joseph Freinademetz) ¡A ±N ·| ¦¨ ¬° ²Ä ¤@ ¦Ê ¤G ¤Q ¤G ¦ì ¤¤ µØ ¸t ¤H ¡A ¨Ã ¥B ¬O ­º ¦ì ¤¤ µØ ºë ­× ¸t ¤H ¡C

¤ý ¥D ±Ð ¤@ ¤ë ¤E ¤é ¹ï ¤Ñ ¨È ªÀ »¡ ¡A ¥Ø «e ªº ¤@ ¦Ê ¤G ¤Q ¤@ ¦ì ¤¤ µØ ¸t ¤H ¬O ©ó ¤E ¤» ¦~ ¥U «Ê ¸t ¤H ªº ®î ¹D ¸t ¤H ¸³ ¤å ¾Ç ¯« ¤÷ (Joannes Gabriel Perboyre) ¤Î ¤G ¢¯ ¢¯ ¢¯ ¦~ «Ê ¸t ªº ¤@ ¦Ê ¤G ¤Q ¦ì ®î ¹D ªÌ ¡C

¯u ºÖ ºÖ ­Y ·æ (1852-1908) ¯« ¤÷ ¬O ¼Ú ¬w ´£ ¬¥ ¤H ¡C ¥L ¦b ¤s ªF «n ³¡ §V ¤O Ác ­l ±Ð ·| ¡A ¦b ±Ð ·| ¤¤ Ĺ ±o ¡u¾| «n ¤§ ¥À¡v ªº ¬ü ÅA ¡C

¤s ªF ¬Ù ¶§ ¨¦ º[ Á{ ²M ±Ð °Ï »¯ »ñ ©÷ ¥D ±Ð ¤@ ¤ë ¤K ¤é ¦V ¤Ñ ¨È ªÀ »¡ ¡A ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¤@ ¥@ ¬ö «e ¦b ·í ¦a ¶Ç ±Ð ¡A ¨ü ±Ð ¤º ¥~ ¤H ¤h ·q ­« ¡C ¶§ ¨¦ ¶Z ¥_ ¨Ê ¥H «n ¥| ¦Ê ¥| ¤Q ¤½ ¨½ ¡C

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±Ð ©v «O ¸S ¤» ¥@ ¤@ ¤E ¤C ¤­ ¦~ ±N ¥L »P ¸t ¨¥ ·| ·| ¯ª ·R ¿Õ ¼w ¯« ¤÷ (Arnold Janssen, 1837-1909) ¦P ¦C ¯u ºÖ ¡C ¨â ¤H ±N ©ó ¤µ ¦~ ¤@ °_ «Ê ¸t ¡C

ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¥Í ©ó ¤@ ¤K ¤­ ¤G ¦~ ¡A ¤@ ¤K ¤C ¤­ ¦~ ®Ê ÅM ¡C ¥L ©ó ¤@ ¤K ¤C ¤E ¦~ ©è ¹F ­» ´ä ¡A ¨â ¦~ «á ¤~ »P ¦P ·| ªº ¦w ªv ®õ ¯« ¤÷ (John Baptist Anzer) ¶i ¤J ¤s ªF ¶Ç ±Ð ¡A ¦¨ ¬° ³Ì ¦­ ¶i ¤J ¤¤ °ê ªº ¸t ¨¥ ·| ¤h ¡C

¥L ­Ì ¦b ¤@ ¤K ¤K ¤G ¦~ ¨ì ¹F ¤s ªF ¦è ºÝ ®É ¡A ¨ü ¨ì ¥» ¦a ¤H ©è ¨î ¡A ¦] ¬° ·í ¦~ ¥ô ¦ó °ê ¤H »P ¡u¥~ °ê ¨¸ ¬£ ©Î ¥~ °ê ¨¸ ÆF¡v ¦³ Ãö ³s ·| ¨ü ¨ì ÄY ­« ¦D »@ ¡C

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2003 ¦~ 1 ¤ë 26 ¤é 

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±Ð ©v ­Y ±æ «O ¸S ¤G ¥@ ¤Q ¤ë ¤­ ¤é ¦b ±ë ¸¦ ©£ ¸t §B ¦h ¸S ¼s ³õ ¥D «ù «Å ¸t ¤j ¨å ¡A Àò ¥U «Ê ¬° ¸t ¤H ªº ¥] ¬A ·N ¤j §Q Äy ªº ¹F ¥§ ®J µÜ ¡D ª÷ ¨¹ ¥§ ¥D ±Ð (Daniel Comboni, 1831-1881) ¡A ¥L ³Ð ¥ß ¤F ±M ªù ¬° «D ¬w ¦a °Ï ¶Ç ±Ð ªº ­× ·| ¡C ¥t ¥~ ªº ¬O ¸t ¨¥ ·| ·| ¯ª ¡B ¼w °ê Äy ªº ·¨ ¥Í ¯« ¤÷ (Arnold Janssen, 1837-1909) ¡A ¥H ¤Î ¸Ó ·| ¤@ ¦ì ¨ì ¤¤ °ê ¶Ç ±Ð ¡B ¥ç ¦b ¤¤ °ê ¹Ò ¤º ¦w ®§ ¥D Ãh ªº ¶ø ¦a §Q «n ´£ ù º¸ (¤µ ·N ¤j §Q ¥_ ³¡) ¯« ¤÷ ºÖ ­Y ·æ (Josef Freinademetz, 1852-1908) ¡C

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2003 ¦~ 10 ¤ë 12 ¤é 

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¸t ¨¥ ·| ­» ´ä °Ï ·| ¤Q ¤ë ¤Q ¤G ¤é ¬° ¨ä ·| ¯ª ·¨ ¥Í ¯« ¤÷ ©M ­º ¦ì ¨Ó µØ ¶Ç ±Ð ¤h ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¯« ¤÷ «Ê ¸t Á| ¦æ ·P ®¦ ¸t ²½ ¡C

±Ð ©v ¤Q ¤ë ¤­ ¤é ¥U «Ê ·¨ ¥Í ¯« ¤÷ ©M ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¯« ¤÷ ¬° ±Ð ·| ¸t ¤H ¡A ¸t ¨¥ ·| ­» ´ä °Ï ·| ¤Q ¤ë ¤Q ¤G ¤é °² ¸t ¨¥ ¤¤ ¾Ç Á| ¦æ ·P ®¦ ²½ ¡A ¥Ñ ±Ð °Ï ¥D ±Ð ³¯ ¤é §g ¥D § ¡A ´ö º~ »² ²z ¥D ±Ð ©M ¤T ¤Q ¦h ¦W ¯« ¤÷ ¦@ ²½ ¡A ¥X ®u «H ²³ ªñ ¤@ ¤d ¤H ¡C

·P ®¦ ²½ ·¥ ¨ã ´¶ ¥@ ´T «× ¡A ¥H ¦h °ê »y ¨¥ ªº ºq µú ¶i ¦æ ¡A ¥] ¬A µá «ß »« »y ¡B ¦L ¥§ »y ¡B ¦è ¯Z ¤ú »y ¡B ¦L «× »y ¡B ­^ »y ©M ´¶ ³q ¸Ü µ¥ ¡A Åã ¥Ü ¥X ¸t ¨¥ ·| °ê »Ú ©Ê ªº ´T «× ¡C

Á¿ ¹D ®É ¡A ³¯ ¥D ±Ð «ü ¥X ¨â ¦ì ¸t ¤H ¯à ¡u«æ ¤Ñ ¥D ©Ò «æ¡v ¡A §V ¤O ¦V ¥~ ¶Ç ±Ð ¡A ¤× ¨ä ¬O ¸t ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¨ì ¤¤ °ê ¶Ç ±Ð ®É ¡A ¥¿ ­È ²M ¥½ °Ê Àú ®É ´Á ¡A ¶Ç ±Ð ¤h ­n ¦³ ®î ¹D ªº ·Ç ³Æ ¡C ÀH «á ¡A ¸t ¨¥ ·| ¤¤ µØ °Ï ·| ªø ¸­ ¼w µØ ¯« ¤÷ (Edwards) ¥H ­^ »y Á¿ ¹D ¡A ¥L ¸Ñ ÄÀ «Ê ¸t ªº ·N ¸q ®É »¡ ¡J ¡u¤£ ¬O ¤Ñ ¥D »Ý ­n ¸t ¤H ¡A ¦Ó ¬O ¤H »Ý ­n ¸t ¤H ¡C ¦] ¬° ¸t ¤H ©M ¤H ¸û ¡y±µ ªñ¡z ¡K¡K  §Ú ­Ì ­n ¦¨ ¬° ¸t ¤H ©T µM ¬O §x Ãø ¡A ¦ý «o «D ¤£ ¥i ¯à ªº ¨Æ ¡C¡v ¸­ ¼w µØ ¯« ¤÷ ÂÇ ¦¹ «j Ày ²³ ¤H §V ¤O ¸ò ÀH °ò ·þ ªº ±Ð °V ¡C

¨å § ©ó ¤» ®É ³\ µ² §ô ¡A »« «È ±Ð ¤Í Ä~ Äò ¯d ®Õ Æ[ ¬Ý ®i ªO ©M ¨É ¥Î ¯ù ÂI ¡A ¸t ¨¥ ·| ¤] °e ¥X ¦L ¦³ ¨â ¦ì ¸t ¤H ¨v ¹³ ªº ¬ö ©À «~ ¡C

·¨ ¥Í ¬O ¼w °ê ªº ¯« ¤÷ ¡A ¦] µÛ ¥L °@ ¸Û ªº ºA «× ¡A ¤@ ¤K ¤C ¤­ ¦~ «Ø ¥ß ¤F ¤@ ­Ó ¥H ¯« ¤÷ ©M ­× ¤h ¬° ¥D ªº °ê »Ú ¶Ç ±Ð ­× ·| ¡X¡X ¸t ¨¥ ·| ¡C ¤Î ¦Ü ¤@ ¤K ¤K ¤E ¦~ ¡A ·¨ ¥Í ¯« ¤÷ ³Ð ¥ß ¤F ¸t ¯« ¶Ç ±Ð ­× ¤k ·| ¡F ¤Î «á ©ó ¤@ ¤K ¤E ¤» ¦~ ¡A ¥L ¤] ³Ð ¥ß ¤F ¸t ¯« ¥Ã ë ­× ¤k ·| ¡C

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2003 ¦~ 11 ¤ë 2 ¤é 

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2008 ¦~ 8 ¤ë 17 ¤é 

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¸tºÖ­Y·æ¯«¤÷ (Saint Joseph Freinademetz)

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±Ð ©v «O ¸S ¤» ¥@ ©ó ¤@ ¤E ¤C ¤­ ¦~ ±N ¥L »P ¸t ¨¥ ·| ·| ¯ª ·¨ ¥Í ¯« ¤÷ (Arnold Janssen) ¦P ¦C ¯u ºÖ ¡C ¤G ¢¯ ¢¯ ¤T ¦~ ¤Q ¤ë ¤­ ¤é ¡A ±Ð ©v ­Y ±æ «O ¸S ¤G ¥@ ¥U «Ê ºÖ ­Y ·æ ¯« ¤÷ ¬° ¸t ¤H ¡C

Saint Joseph Freinademetz, born on April 15, 1852 in a poor but devoted family in south Tyrolean Alps with 9 siblings. When he was very young, he aimed at becoming a priest, having the will to go foreign missionary. He was ordained priest in 1875, 2 years later, he got to know father Arnold Janssen, founder of Society of the Divine Word and he entered the Society.

Saint Joseph Freinademetz received a mission to preach in China in 1879, arrived Hong Kong the first place where he preached for 2 years; then he joined another priest of the Divine Word Society and began their new evangelization in Shantung province, dedicating much energy on catechism and spiritual formation. At that time, there were just 158 Catholics out of 12 million inhabitants, by 1924, Chinese Catholics increased rapidly to 106,000 and catechists to 44,000.

His whole life was marked by an effort to become a Chinese as he discovered and appreciated the greatness and beauty of Chinese culture. He loved China and Chinese people deeply, that he wrote: ¡§even in the Heavenly Kingdom, I want to be a Chinese.¡¨ He died on January 28, 1908 with the infection of typhus, and was canonized on October 5, 2003 by the late Pope John Paul II.
2008 ¦~ 12 ¤ë 14 ¤é 


¡»
¯uºÖºÖ­Y·æ¯«¤÷¶Ç, ´¶¸ô¯÷¡B¦Ì®æµÛ, ¤Ñ¥D±Ð¸t¨¥·|, 1997.
¡»
Joseph Freinademetz: South Tyrol's Outstanding Missionary to the Far East, by Jakob Reuter, 1975.
¡»
Giuseppe Freinademetz, by Fritz Bornemann, Editrice Missionaria Italiana, 1980.
¡»
Blessed Joseph Freinademetz - As Wine Poured Out, by Fritz Bornemann, Divine Word Missionaries, 1984.
¡» From Milan to Hong Kong 150 Years of Mission, by Gianni Criveller, Vox Amica Press, 2008.
¡»
±q¦ÌÄõ¨ì­»´ä150¦~¶Ç±Ð¨Ï©R, ¬_¼ÝÀMµÛ, ¨}¤Í¤§Án¥Xª©ªÀ, 2008.

¡» ¥ý½å¿ý¡Ð¡Ð­»´ä¤Ñ¥D±Ð¯«Â¾¤Î¨k¤k­×·|·|¤h (1841-2010), ¤Ñ¥D±Ð­»´ä±Ð°ÏÀɮ׳B, 2010.
¡» ¥ý½å¿ý¡Ð¡Ð­»´ä¤Ñ¥D±Ð¯«Â¾¤Î¨k¤k­×·|·|¤h (1841-2016), ¤Ñ¥D±Ð­»´ä±Ð°ÏÀɮ׳B, 2016.